ВПЛИВ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ НА ПРЯМІ ІНОЗЕМНІ ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН СВІТУ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2023/223-2/18Ключові слова:
Україна, Литва, Велика Британія, США, Румунія, Німеччина, регресія, прогноз, прямі іноземні інвестиції (ПІІ)Анотація
Вступ. За останню чверть століття спостерігається збільшення прямих іноземних інвестицій (ПІІ), особливо в країнах, що розвиваються. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена геополітичними змінами, технологічним прогресом і важливістю ПІІ для фінансування економіки та соціального розвитку. Досліджено прямі іноземні інвестиції (ПІІ) у контексті визначальних чинників привабливості країни-реципієнта.
Методи. Головними факторами впливу обрано політичні та технологічні фактори в розрізі семи різних країн світу, включаючи Україну. Методами регресійного моделювання для семи країн (Україна, Німеччина, Велика Британія, Литва, Румунія, США та Японія) ідентифіковано основні чинники, які найбільше впливають на ПІІ в кожній із цих країн.
Результати. Аналіз виявив важливість таких факторів, як політична стабільність та імпорт інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ) товарів для притоку ПІІ до України. Доведено важливість залучення ПІІ для відновлення інфраструктури, бізнесу та ІТ-ринку, особливо в контексті фінансування від міжнародних організацій та інвестицій міжнародних компаній для України та інших країн-партнерів у післявоєнному житті. Однак це залучення вимагає досягнення політичної стійкості в країні, а також формування економіки, направленої на експорт товарів. Саме тому так важливе відкриття міжнародних ринків для української продукції.
Висновки. Дослідження вказує на зростаючу важливість прямих іноземних інвестицій за останні 25 років, особливо в країнах, що розвиваються, пов'язуючи цей тренд із геополітичними змінами, технологічним прогресом і вирішальною роллю ПІІ у фінансуванні економічного та соціального розвитку. Однак це залучення вимагає досягнення політичної стійкості в країні, а також формування економіки, направленої на експорт товарів. Саме тому так важливе відкриття міжнародних ринків для української продукції.
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