DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKID SYSTEM IN UKRAINE: FEATURES OF OPERATION AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2026/229-2/2Keywords:
BankID, identification, remote identification, identification system, personal data, transfer of personal data, National Bank of Ukraine, information society, digital economy, digital public services, eIDAS, GDPRAbstract
Introduction. The digital transformation of the financial sector and the development of e-governance in Ukraine have highlighted the need for reliable tools for remote identification of individuals that are compatible with the EU legal framework in the field of electronic identification and personal data protection. In this context, the BankID system of the National Bank of Ukraine has gradually acquired the status of a de facto national standard for remote identification.
Methods. The methodological basis of the study consists of a systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, historical and comparative legal methods, which are used to reveal the genesis, architecture, and institutional model of the NBU's BankID and compare it with European electronic identification schemes. Formal-logical and formal-legal methods were used to structure the array of regulatory and legal acts and formulate generalizations regarding the legal regime of the System, while statistical methods were used to analyze the dynamics of participant connection and service use in 2016-2024.
Results. The two-block structure of the NBU's BankID regulatory framework (general acts of information and telecommunications law and special acts of the NBU and the Government regulating the architecture of the System, the procedure for connecting subscribers, tariffs, and features of operation in wartime) is justified. It is shown that the centralized hub model of the NBU's BankID, in which the provider does not store or process personal data, is consistent with the GDPR's logic of minimizing processing and separating the roles of data owner and data controller. Based on statistical analysis, the transition from pilot use to large-scale operation of the System has been proven (87.7 million successful identifications in 2024, more than 60% of banks are subscribers-identifiers, with the non-commercial segment dominating), and the key stages in the evolution of the regulatory regime have been identified – from a social e-governance project to a remote onboarding infrastructure in the context of a pandemic and martial law.
Conclusions. It is concluded that the NBU's BankID is the institutionalized result of a public-private partnership between the state, the NBU, and the banking sector, and already serves as a functional “bridge” between the Ukrainian and European models of electronic identity. The evolution of the national regulatory framework towards the implementation of eIDAS/eIDAS 2.0, GDPR, the AMLD package of directives, FATF recommendations, and EBA guidelines creates the conditions for further formal validation of the NBU's BankID trust levels and the use of the System as compatible with the European trusted electronic services space, particularly in the segment of remote customer service for EU banks.
Downloads
References
About NBU BankID. (2018). https://bank.gov.ua/en/bank-id-nbu?utm_ source=chatgpt.com
Amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 as regards establishing the European Digital Identity Framework. (2024). Regulation (EU) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11.04.2024. No 2024/1183. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1183/oj/eng
BankID in 2025: how many Ukrainians already use it and how MFOs work with it. (2025) [in Ukrainian]. https://finance.ua/ua/credits/bankid-u-2025-statystyka-alternatyvy-mfo
BankID service. Terms and conditions. (2020) [in Ukrainian]. https://conditions-and-rules.privatbank.ua/view-content-489/
Bjärkling, L., Hedström, S., & Mesterton, J. (2025). Governing Identification. The Case of BankID and the Impact of Private Ownership in Vital Identification Services. Stockholm Business School, 55. https://www.sviv.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Governing-Identification-The-Case-of-BankID-and-the-impact-of-Private-Ownership-in-Vital-Identification-Services.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Bojadzievska, I., Cabacenco, P., Ivasyk, S., & Reçi, M. (2024). Navigating the European Union's Digital Regulatory Framework: Part 2. Perspectives on Electoral Processes in EU Candidate Countries. Stockholm: International IDEA, 85. https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/html/ navigating-european-unions-digital-regulatory-framework-part-2?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Bondarenko, L., Moroz, N., Zhelizniak, R., & Bonetskyy, O. (2021). Fintech market development in the world and in Ukraine. Financial and Credit Activity Problems of Theory and Practice, 6(41), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v6i41.251410
Certain issues regarding the provision of information from the State Register of Real Rights to Immovable Property: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on September 30, 2015. No. 786 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/786-2015-%D0%BF#Text
Derkach, A. O., Korneeva, M. V., & Abakumenko, O. V. (2016). Digitization of the banking sector in Ukraine. Financial Research, 1, 69–75 [in Ukrainian]. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/find_2016_1_10
Dijck, J., & Jacobs, B. (2019). Electronic identity services as sociotechnical and political-economic constructs. New Media & Society, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819872537
Dumortier, J. (2016). Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 on Electronic Identification and Trust Services for Electronic Transactions in the Internal Market (eIDAS Regulation). SSRN. 25. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/ papers.cfm?abstract_id=2855484
European Banking Authority. (2022). Guidelines on the use of Remote Customer Onboarding Solutions under Article 13(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/849. Final Report, 45. https://www.eba.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ document_library/Publications/Guidelines/2022/EBA-GL-2022-15%20GL%20on %20remote%20customer%20onboarding/1043884/Guidelines%20on%20the%20use%20of%20Remote%20Customer%20Onboarding%20Solutions.pdf
Gula, V. (2022). Legal regulation and development of the BankID system. Traektoriâ Nauki = Path of Science, 8(5), 1008–1017 [in Ukrainian]. https://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/download/1210/1019
Husz, O. (2018). Bank Identity: Banks, ID Cards, and the Emergence of a Financial Identification Society in Sweden. Enterprise & Society, 19(2), 391–429. https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2017.43
Kemppainen, L., Wrede, S., & Kouvonen, A. (2023). Migrants face Barriers to Obtaining Electronic Identification: A population-based Study Among Older Russian-speakers in Finland. Journal of Medical Systems, 47(45). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-023-01940-5
Kutbi, A., Alsilimani, A., & Khan, R. (2024). The effect of buy now, pay later fintechon traditional financial services and consumer behavior in Saudi Arabia. Financial and Credit Activity Problems of Theory and Practice, 2(55), 281–297. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.2.55.2024.4323
Kuzheliev, M., Nechyporenko, A., Sulyma, M. Ovcharuk, S., & Leontieva, M. (2024). The impact of innovation on the financial architecture of the national economy. Financial and Credit Activity Problems of Theory and Practice, 5(64), 397–412. https://doi.org.10.55643/fcaptp.5.64.2025.4878
McKinsey & Company. (2016). Raising Ukraine's productivity: banking sector as an engine for growth. https://www.mckinsey.com/ua/~/ media/ClientLink/Raising%20Ukraines%20productivity%20Banking%20sector%20as%20an%20engine%20for%20growth/Ukraine%20productivity%20growth_EN_web.pdf
Mushenik, I. M., & Grushetsky, S. M. (2022). Ensuring Ukraine's financial security during wartime and in conditions of financial inclusion. Modern Economics, 32, 70–74 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31521/modecon.V32(2022)-09
Naumenkova, S., Mishchenko, S., & Dorofeiev, D. (2019). Digital financial inclusion: evidence from Ukraine. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 16(3), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(3).2019.18
OECD. (2024). The Single Digital Gateway in the Western Balkans. OECD Digital Government Studies. Paris: OECD Publishing, 56. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2024/01/the-single-digital-gateway-in-the-western-balkans_995f7ee9/3cbd03cd-en.pdf? utm_source=chatgpt.com
On access to public information: Law of Ukraine on January 13, 2011. No. 2939-VI [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2939-17/ed20121119
On Administrative Services: Law of Ukraine on September 06, 2012. No. 5203-VI [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5203-17#Text
On amendments to certain tariffs for services (operations) provided (performed) by the National Bank of Ukraine: Resolution of the Board of the National Bank of Ukraine on March 12, 2022. No. 49 [in Ukrainian]. https://bank.gov.ua/ua/legislation/Resolution_12032022_49
On approval of Amendments to the Tariffs for organizational services and other types of services (operations) provided (performed) by the National Bank of Ukraine: Resolution of the Board of the National Bank of Ukraine on January 12, 2022. No. 2 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v0002500-22#Text
On approval of requirements in the field of electronic trust services and the Procedure for verifying compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of electronic trust services: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on November 07, 2018. No. 992 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/992-2018-%D0%BF#Text
On approval of the Comprehensive Program for the Development of the Financial Sector of Ukraine until 2020: Resolution of the Board of the National Bank of Ukraine on June 18, 2015. No. 391 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0391500-15#Text
On approval of the Procedure for the use of electronic trust services in state authorities, local self-government bodies, enterprises, institutions, and organizations of state ownership: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on September 19, 2018. No. 749 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/749-2018-%D0%BF#Text
On approval of the Regulations on the BankID System of the National Bank of Ukraine: Resolution of the Board of the National Bank on March 17, 2020. No. 32 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0032500-20#Text
On approval of the Regulations on the Unified National System of Electronic Remote Identification of Individuals and Legal Entities BankID of the National Bank of Ukraine: Resolution of the Board of the National Bank of Ukraine on August 30, 2016. No. 378 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/v0378500-16#Text
On electronic documents and electronic document management: Law of Ukraine on May 22, 2003. No. 851-IV [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/851-15#Text
On electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC. (2014). Regulation (EU) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23.07.14. No 910/2014. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/910/oj/eng
On electronic trust services: Law of Ukraine on October 05, 2017. No. 2155-VIII [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2155-19/ed20171005#Text
On improving state management of the information sphere: Decree of the President of Ukraine on September 16, 1998. No. 1033/98 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1033/98#Text
On information. Law of Ukraine on October 02, 1992. No. 2657-XII [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2657-12#Text
On measures to develop the national component of the global Internet information network and ensure broad access to this network in Ukraine: Decree of the President of Ukraine on July 31, 2000, No. 928/2000 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/928/2000#Text
On the Basic Principles of Information Society Development in Ukraine for 2007-2015: Law of Ukraine on January 09, 2007. No. 537-V [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/537-16#Text
On the Concept of the National Informatization Program: Law of Ukraine on February 04, 1998. No. 75/98-VR [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/75/98-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text
On the introduction of martial law in Ukraine: Decree of the President of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. No. 64/2022 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/64/2022#Text
On the protection of information in information and telecommunications systems: Law of Ukraine on July 05, 1994. No. 80/94-VR [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80/94-%D0%B2%D1%80
On the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine – 2020": Decree of the President of Ukraine on January 12, 2015. No. 5/2015 [in Ukrainian]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5/2015#Text
Ponomarenko, V. S., Kolodiziev, O. M., Lebid, O. V., & Veits, O. I. (2018). Assessment of the system for preventing and counteracting the legalization of dubious income of bank customers. Financial and credit activities: problems of theory and practice, 3(26), 17–28 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v3i26.143845
Power Banking. (2023). Annual Report 2022. 161 [in Ukrainian]. https://bank.gov.ua/admin_uploads/article/annual_report_2022.pdf
Procedure for connecting subscribers to the BankID System of the National Bank of Ukraine and terminating their participation in the system: Minutes of the Decision of the BankID System Council of the National Bank of Ukraine on March 26, 2020. No. B/57-0007/24366 [in Ukrainian]. https://bank.gov.ua/admin_uploads/article/Poryadok_priyednannya_abonentiv_do_Sistemi_BankID_ta_pripinennya_uchasti.pdf
Sharif, A., Ranzi, M., Carbone, R., Sciarretta, G., Marino, F., & Ranise, S. (2022). The eIDAS Regulation: A Survey of Technological Trends for European Electronic Identity Schemes. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12679. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412679
Sytnyk, I., Pugachov, M., Pugachov, V., Kudrenko, N., Dovgaliuk, V., & Sytnyk, B. (2023). Features functioning of the payment system of Ukraine. Financial and Credit Activity Problems of Theory and Practice, 1(48), 42–63. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.1.48.2023.3962
The NBU's BankID system in 2024: the number of identifications per year has more than doubled. (2025) [in Ukrainian]. https://bank.gov.ua/ua/news/ all/sistema-bankid-nbu-u-2024-rotsi-kilkist-identifikatsiy-za-rik-zrosla-bilshe-nij-udvichi#
The State Approves Decision on Its Equity Participation in PrivatBank PJSC. (2016). https://bank.gov.ua/en/news/all/derjava-uhvalila-rishennya-pro-vhodjennya-do-kapitalu-pat-privatbank?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Verkhoglyadova, N., Kononova, I., Brovko, L., Ostapenko, T., Kubetska, O., & Masiuk, I. (2024). The role of digitalization in the formation of the competitive environment of the financial and credit sector of the economy of Ukraine. Financial and Credit Activity: Problems of Theory and Practice, 4(57), 36–53. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.4.57.2024.4423
Vorobei, Yu. V., & Hutsalenko, L. V. (2022). The role of digital media for digital trade in banking services in a volatile environment. Financial and Credit Activity Problems of Theory and Practice, 5(46), 54–63. https://doi.org/ 10.55643/fcaptp.5.46.2022.3868
Zatonatska, T., & Volvach, O. (2023). Formation of competitive strategies in the electronic payment systems market: a case study for Ukraine. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, 2(223), 42–52 [in Ukrainian]. https://econom.bulletin.knu.ua/uk/issue/view/194
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Андрій ГАБРЕЛЯН, д-р філософії в галузі права, Олександр ДЯКОВСЬКИЙ, канд. юрид. наук, ст. викл., Антон ВАЛУЄВ, д-р філософії в галузі права, Сергій ЧЕРНЕЦЬКИЙ, д-р філософії в галузі публічного управління та адміністрування, докторант, Дмитро КАШКІН, юрист, магістр права
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Please read more here: https://econom.bulletin.knu.ua/copyright
